Corpus Vitrearum Medii Aevi

Medieval Stained Glass in Great Britain

[Image: Stained Glass Roundel]
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Norfolk: Norwich, Parish Church of St Andrew

O.S. TG 232087

North Aisle

nIV.

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nIV 2b.

2b. Robert Gardener, mayor of Norwich, kneeling on a yellow chequered floor wearing a soft black hat in his red fur-trimmed aldermanic gown, facing to sinister, against a blue-seaweed diaper dado, above which is a purple wall with a circle-and-quatrefoil pattern. On the right beneath a leaded window with his merchant’s mark on a shield is a blackletter inscription on a hanging sheet perhaps of parchment: 'Roberto Gardener quo[(n)]da[(m)] maiore huius Civitatis comodissime'. Trace-line, matt wash, relieving. White, ruby, blue and purple glass, with yellow stain. After 1508. Much and possibly this entire panel is of 19th-c date, but parts of the ruby gown and fur may be original.
h 0.53m, w 0.41m
NMR BB89/05676 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003234); DK (2007)

2c. The arms and achievement of Thomas Layer, mayor of Norwich in 1576, 1585, 1595, in an oval cartouche shield with plain yellow-tain border, Quarterly 1 and 4, Per argent and sable counterchanged a unicorn courant between three crosses crosslet, 2 and 3, Argent on a bend gules three Catherine wheels or; at the base on a cartouche ' LAIER BVTIFANT '. Gentleman’s helm and mantling, with crest of a horse’s head argent rising from a coronet gules. Late 16th/early 17th-c. Winter’s drawing shows that the fourth quarter originally had Layer’s merchant’s mark and the word ‘ BVTIFANT ’ was missing.
h 0.56m, w 0.405m
NMR BB89/05676 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003234); DK (2007)

North Clerestory

NII.

The tracery lights are filled with fragments, difficult to see because of the height. It is possible that a few may be medieval. 49

A4. Fragments, including a gold well, the rebus of Bishop James Goldwell. Trace-line, matt wash, relieving. White glass, with yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520? The other fragments appear to be 19th-c.

DK (2007)

sV.

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sV 1b.

1b. A modern roundel with the Agnus Dei , and a blue border containing 16th-c glass, some with yellow stain.

NMR BB89/05671 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003229); DK (2007)

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sV 2b.–4b.

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sV 2b.–4b.

2–4b. The Sacrifice of Isaac depicted in two episodes. 50 In the lower half of the surviving glass, Abraham and Isaac set off up the mountain along a stony path past a house with stepped gable. Abraham wears a white mantle with blue sleeves and tippet and a soft purple hat; he is seen from behind, his head turned to the left. On the hem of his mantle is 'Ave gra[tia] ' in Renaissance lettering. 51 Isaac follows him on his left, carrying a faggot on his left shoulder and wearing a long hooded ruby tunic with blue and purple sleeves and blue hose. The upper part shows a very fragmentary scene with Isaac kneeling on a low altar on the right, facing to sinister, and the jumbled remains of Abraham with raised sword on the left, the angel above and the lamb below. 52 On the hem of Abraham’s mantle is some faded lettering, which King interpreted as ‘Abraham’; ' aham ' is visible today. King also saw on the next fold of the mantle ' amicus Dei '. 53 Between the two figures is Abraham’s purple hat. In addition to the colours mentioned, green and blue glass are used for grass and plants, with yellow stain on the blue; the house bottom right is in murrey glass. Trace-line, matt wash, stippling, relieving, possible washes of thin sanguine. c.1510 – c.1520. Cut down at the sides and the bottom scene missing; very fragmentary in top third; many repair leads; moderate paint loss in some areas. Graffito on piece of purple: ‘George Cobb Glazier 18 Aug. 1881’.
h 2.28m, w 0.58m (without quarry background)
NMR BB89/05669 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003228); G. King & Son (1965, col. trans., CVMA inv. no. 010796); DK (2007)

1c. A roundel panel of fragments from the Raising of the Brazen Serpent, showing one Israelite with a turban, another with a caul, and parts of scaly serpents, within a border of blue fragments. Trace-line, matt wash, stippling, relieving. White and blue glass, with yellow stain. Several repair leads across faces.
d 0.32m
NMR BB89/05671 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003229); DK (2007)

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sV 2–4c.

2–4c. Moses proclaims the Ten Commandments to the Israelites, who raise the brazen serpent. In the lower part are the top parts of two well-dressed Israelites wearing Renaissance costume. Both have ruby robes with white shoulder pieces, and that on the right has a yellow tippet; King’s watercolour shows that they also had white mantles when complete. Above them on the right stands Moses holding the tablets in his left hand and pointing to the brazen serpent with this right. He wears a purple mantle over a blue robe. To the left of Moses stands a group of Israelites gesticulating. In the top section on a green hill is the brazen serpent, actually blue with yellow-stain details, hanging on a tree-trunk with trimmed branches and a forked top, set against the sky with trees and buildings in the background. On the tablets is an inscription in Renaissance lettering 'TA|bV|LA|MAN|DA|TOR|VM|DEI'. Trace-line, stipple shading, matt wash, relieving. White, blue, green, purple and flashed-ruby glass, with yellow stain and sanguine. c.1510 – c.1520. King’s watercolour shows that the bottom quarter of the panel, depicting the Israelites attacked by serpents, is missing (a few fragments are leaded into 1a). Moses’ head and tippet missing; section cut out between 2b and 3b; top missing and made up with fragments from the window; a church to the left of the hill is missing and patched with fragments; many repair leads; some paint loss, especially on the tablets.
h 2.28m, w 0.58m (without quarry background)
G. King & Son (1965 col. trans., CVMA inv. no. 010797); NMR BB89/05669 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003228); DK (2007)

sVII.

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sVII 1b.

1b. Arms of the Grocers’ Company, Argent a chevron gules between nine cloves proper. The field has a diaper of relieved circles. Trace-line, thin matt wash, relieving. White and ruby glass. c.1510 – c.1520. Ruby flash worn.
h 0.18m, w 0.135m
NMR BB89/05674 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003233); DK (2007)

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sVII 2b.

2b. Three shields set on a rectangular panel of fragments. The top and bottom shields bear the merchant’s mark of Nicholas Colich, and the middle one the arms of the Grocers’ Company, as in 1b of this window. 54 Trace-line, thin matt wash, relieving. White and ruby glass. c.1510 – c.1520. Paint loss on the bottom two shields; repair leads, particularly numerous on the top shield. The fragments have a double fillet around them and consist of drapery, ornament and diaper in white, blue, ruby, purple, pot-yellow and green glass. Trace-line, matt wash, relieving, yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520. Generally good condition.
h 0.90m, w 0.56m
G. King & Son (1965 col. trans., CVMA inv. no. 010794 (reversed)); NMR BB89/05674 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003233); DK (2007) DK (2007)

3b. Arms of the Grocers’ Company, Argent a chevron gules between nine cloves proper. The field has a diaper of relieved circles. Technique as 1b. Some paint loss on diaper, repair leads.
h 0.18m, w 0.135m
NMR BB89/05674 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003233); DK (2007)

1–3c. Arms of the Grocers’ Company. As 1b, with one repair lead.

NMR BB89/05674 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003233); DK (2007)

2c. Three shields set on a rectangular panel of fragments. The top and bottom shields bear the arms of the Grocers’ Company, as in 1b of this window. The middle shield has the merchant’s mark of Nicholas Colich, as in 2b. Technique as before. c.1510 – c.1520. Paint loss on top and middle shield, repair leads, especially on middle shield. Fragments as 2b.
h 0.90m, w 0.56m
G. King & Son (1965 col. trans., CVMA inv. no. 010794 (reversed)); NMR BB89/05674 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003233); DK (2007)

sVIII.

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sVIII 1b.

1b. Shield with arms of St Michael the Archangel, Gules a cross flory argent. White and ruby glass. c.1510 – c.1520. Repair leads.
h 0.20m, w 0.14m
NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003231); DK (2007)

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sVIII 2b.

2b. Fragments, including parts of several angels. The central feature is part of a composite feathered angel standing holding a curved scroll with the text in blackletter 'Salva nos'. 55 The angel wears an ermine tippet and a segmented belt with pot-yellow wings against a blue background. Trace-line, thin matt wash. White and blue glass, with yellow stain. 15th-c and 19th-c. The wings, upper body and background may belong together; the head is from a 19th-c angel standing against micro-architecture and the scroll was originally held by a larger-scale figure. Above and below are parts of ten angels mainly dressed in white surplices with yellow sleeves, which were probably demi-figures, as the two lower ones emerge from blue cloud. Immediately below is part of an angel playing a drum, to the right of and above which another holds a crown, and to the left of and below a third plays a wind instrument, perhaps a cornet. Trace-line, thin matt wash, relieving. White and blue glass, with yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520. The other angels are in a different style. To the left and right are parts of angels with arms raised, on the left in prayer position and to the right across the chest; bottom right is a harping demi-figure of an angel; at the top, one with hands raised, flanked on each side by a harping angel. Trace-line, matt wash, smear shading, relieving. White and blue glass, with yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520. All are headless, and there is some paint loss. Other fragments making up this panel include feathers and parts of clouds emitting a glory in the same style as the latter group of angels; blue glass, white drapery and part of a pomegranate, the badge of Catherine of Aragon (c.1510 – c.1520); a piece of blue seaweed diaper (15th-c, probably not from St Andrew’s); ruby, blue, yellow, green and purple glass with plants, feathers, foliage and ornament in the borders (c.1510 – c.1520), all in excellent condition.
h 0.88m, w 0.57m
G. King & Son (1965 col. trans., CVMA inv. no. 010795); NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no.003231); DK (2007)

3b. Shield with the arms of St Catherine, Gules in fess a Catherine wheel or in pale a sword point downwards, pommel and grip of the second. Trace-line, matt wash, relieving. White and ruby glass, with yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520. Some paint loss, several repairs leads.
h 0.20m, w 0.14m
NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003231); DK (2007) h 0.20m, w 0.14m

1c. Shield with the arms of St Andrew, Gules a saltire vert. Ruby and green glass. c.1510 – c.1520. Repair leads.
h 0.20m, w 0.14m
NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003231); DK (2007)

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sVIII 2c.

2c. Panel from the Dance of Death. On the left Death as a skeleton facing right and dressed in a shroud strides towards a bishop on the right, grasping his right hand. The bishop wears a mitre, blue cope and purple dalmatic with a green fringe and stands holding a crozier in his left hand as he turns away from the skeleton. Both stand on a chequered floor against a ruby cloth hanging with a relieved pattern and beaded white hem with yellow stain. Trace-line, stipple shading, relieving. White, ruby, blue, green and purple glass, with yellow stain and sanguine. c.1506 – c.1510. The bottom right section including the crozier is patched with fragments, probably from other panels in the series and the body of the skeleton and ruby background are muddled with several repair leads. Light to medium paint loss on skeleton, floor, cope and hanging; many repair leads. Made up with fragments at the top and down each side, including a piece of rod-and-leaf border (15th-c), and blue drapery, plain ruby, green and blue and white glass with ornament (c.1506 – c.1520).
h 0.88m, w 0.57m
NMR (col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003230); NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no.003231); DK (2007).

3c. Shield with the arms of the See of Canterbury, Azure a pallium argent charged with five crosslets fitchy sable surmounting a pastoral staff headed by a cross patty or. Trace-line. White and blue glass, with yellow stain. c.1510 – c.1520. Paint loss on pallium and repair leads.
h 0.20m, w 0.14m
NMR BB89/05673 (1987, col. print, CVMA inv. no. 003231); DK (2007)

South Clerestory

SII.

A1. Fragments, including a large white crown with yellow stain. 16th-c? The rest appear to be 19th-c. 56

SVII.

D1. Merchant’s mark of Robert Aylmer, mayor 1481 and 1492, with plain yellow-stain border. Trace-line. White glass. c.1506 – c.1520. Cracked.

DK (2007)

E1. Eyelet with blue glass. May not be in situ. c.1506 – c.1520.

DK (2007)

E2. Eyelet with ruby glass. May not be in situ. c.1506 – c. 1520.
DK (2007)

SVIII.

D1. As SVII D1.

DK (2007)

SX.

D1. As SVII D1. Segment bottom left missing.

DK (2007)

SXI.

D1. As SVII D1. Cracked, some paint loss.

DK (2007)

E1. Eyelet with sunburst. White glass with yellow stain. c.1506 – c.1520. Dirty.

DK (2007)

Footnotes

49.
The same applies to SII; see the earlier comments on the work of J. & J. King in the church. Return to context
50.
Harrod (1855) saw three episodes, beginning at the bottom with Abraham with Isaac and his servants preparing for the journey. Return to context
51.
G. A. King saw ‘Ave gratia plena’; King 1914, p. 286. Return to context
52.
King’s watercolour shows the upper scene complete. Abraham looks up at the angel, holding the scabbard of his sword with his left hand and the sword over Isaac’s head with his right, while the angel on a cloud grasps the blade of the sword. Harrod (1855) says that ‘the ram appears to replace Isaac on the altar’, but it is hard to reconcile this statement with King’s drawing and the surviving glass. Return to context
53.
‘Abraham amicus Dei’ is in James II, 23; the passage refers to ‘et tu Israhel serve meus Iacob quem elegi semen Abraham amici mei’ in Isaiah XLI, 8. Return to context
54.
Nicholas Colich was mayor in 1497 and was buried here in 1502, giving 50 marks to the rebuilding. He probably paid for the glazing of the north clerestory; see the introduction. Return to context
55.
The first words of the antiphon ‘Salva nos Christe Salvator per virtutem sanctae cruces, qui salvasti Petrum in mari miserere nobis’, sung at the feast of the Exaltation of the Holy Cross; Procter and Wordsworth 1886, III, col. 815. Return to context
56.
See note 49. Return to context
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